
2
2000
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History doesn´t require
refurbishement How would you react if Alvar Aaltos Villa Mairea would be heavily refurbished? A digger would excavate extra space from underneath the existing building, and an extension made of prefabricated elements would be added on. The original windows and doors would be taken to the rubbish dump and replaced by maintenance-free aluminium ones. Parts of the internal walls and fireplaces would be dismantled, the structure pierced by ventilation ducts in order to fulfil present day requirements, and the ceiling heights lowered. The external walls would be covered with energy-saving additional insulation and a plastic-based render. Glass-fibre wallpaper would be fixed to the internal walls and painted with latex paints, and the floors would be covered with chipboard boarding and finished with plastic flooring. The original furniture and lamps would be thrown away and replaced by standard furniture and fluorescent lighting. As a final touch, some postmodern additions and decorations would be added here and there to show the architects own flair. The original house would hardly be recognisable, but then that wouldnt have been the intention - the aim, after all, was refurbishment, in other words, complete renewal. The thought is abominable, but the situation unfortunately common. Villa Mairea is safe from such barbarities, but thousands of other old buildings have been, and are still, ruined by refurbishments, sometimes with the blessing and funding of the authorities. Older generations of architects and engineers have been taught how to thoroughly ruin buildings by applying contemporary building methods. A common practice was to neglect maintenance and then to renovate or renew all in one go. The building industry liberally handed out guidelines while old wisdom was being forgotten. In addition to the term building refurbishment, the term urban refurbishment was also used, where only the street lines and names were left in place. Also The Finnish Architectural Review presented model examples, following international trends, showing how layers of time were peeled off a mediaeval castle and filled instead with steel reinforced concrete, how a neoclassical church or public building was demolished apart from the outer walls and a modern building erected inside. The oldest of the technological refurbishments from the 60s to 80s have now reached the stage of requiring repair. Lost interiors cannot be retrieved and unsuitable materials cause unexpected technical problems and health hazards. Demolition refurbishments have caused enormous national economical losses. Only since the 90s has there been a more general acceptance of building conservation and restoration methods that respect the historic buildings and environment. Any repair work starts with the words used to express the intentions. There should be a clear distinction between new building and repair work. The architect must not treat the historical building like clay, which simply can be moulded as one pleases, creating something equal in every sense to a new building. The starting point for any change should always be a building historical survey commissioned by the client. Authenticity and originality are important in restoration, as is preserving chronological layers and being able to remove new additions. The restoration architect is like a surgeon, specialized in a task; and likewise, after a demanding surgical operation the wounds heal and the person is alive. There are few old buildings in Finland, compared to many other countries. Architecture restored and conserved with skill offers nuances and experiences, fixed points to events in history, evidence of the passing of time and the changing of styles and ways of thinking. This has also begun to be realized by the business world, the real estate sector and the tourist industry. Old cultural environments, buildings and interiors deserve to be just as carefully cherished as other achievements in culture. |
Historia ei kaipaa saneerausta
Miten suhtautuisit, jos Alvar Aallon Villa Mairea saneerattaisiin
takavuosien tyyliin: Sisälle traktori raivaamaan maanalaista lisätilaa
ja kylkeen betonielementeistä uusi laajennus.
1.4.2000 |